There have been 26 recorded

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

and

subtropical cyclone A subtropical cyclone is a weather system that has some characteristics of both tropical and an extratropical cyclone. As early as the 1950s, meteorologists were uncertain whether they should be characterized as tropical or extratropical cyclon ...

s in the North-eastern Pacific basin outside the official

Pacific hurricane season A Pacific hurricane is a mature tropical cyclone that develops within the northeastern and central Pacific Ocean to the east of 180°W, north of the equator. For tropical cyclone warning purposes, the northern Pacific is divided into three regio ...

. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) monitors the area from North America westward to 140°W, while the

Central Pacific Hurricane Center The Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) of the United States National Weather Service is the official body responsible for tracking and issuing tropical cyclone warnings, watches, advisories, discussions, and statements for the Central Pacifi ...

is from 140°W to the International Date Line, north of the equator. The

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (abbreviated as NOAA ) is an United States scientific and regulatory agency within the United States Department of Commerce that forecasts weather, monitors oceanic and atmospheric conditio ...

(NOAA) currently defines the season as starting May 15 in the eastern Pacific and June 1 for the central Pacific and ending on November 30 for both regions in each calendar year. Occasionally, however, storms develop in late November and persist until December, such as Hurricane Nina of

1957 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year ...

. Few off-season tropical cyclones in the east Pacific have affected land, and none of them have made

landfall Landfall is the event of a storm moving over land after being over water. More broadly, and in relation to human travel, it refers to 'the first land that is reached or seen at the end of a journey across the sea or through the air, or the fact ...

. Only Hurricane Nina caused both property damage and fatalities. The strongest hurricane between December and May was

Hurricane Ekeka Hurricane Ekeka was the most intense off-season tropical cyclone on record in the northeastern Pacific basin. The first storm of the 1992 Pacific hurricane season, Ekeka developed on January 28 well to the south of Hawaii. It gradually intensifie ...

in 1992, which reached winds of . However, after Tropical Storm Paka crossed the International Date Line, it intensified into a typhoon with winds equivalent to a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. The most recent off-season storm is Tropical Storm Andres in mid-May 2021. The beginning of HURDAT, the official Pacific hurricane database maintained by the NHC, is 1949. Since then, thirteen storms have occurred outside the official bounds of hurricane season in the eastern and central north Pacific, respectively. In addition, the CPHC reports nine off-season storms from 1900 to 1952 with another off-season tropical cyclone occurring in 1832. There have been documents published in the

Monthly Weather Review The ''Monthly Weather Review'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Meteorological Society. It covers research related to analysis and prediction of observed and modeled circulations of the atmosphere, including techniq ...

reporting additional off-season storms within off the Mexican coastline, including one in December.

Chronology

The wind speeds listed are maximum one-minute average sustained winds. The category refers to the intensity on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale; TS stands for

tropical storm A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Dependi ...

, and TD for

tropical depression A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depend ...

Impact and records

Several off-season tropical cyclones have affected land. Hurricane Nina in early December 1957 prompted evacuations in Hawaii and caused $100,000 (1957

USD The United States dollar (symbol: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ or U.S. Dollar, to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official ...

) in damage in the state. The storm also killed four people and produced waves. Hurricane Winnie in December 1983 caused minor rainfall in parts of Mexico. The unnamed tropical storm of 1996 was assumed to have killed two people when it sank a trimaran called the ''Solar Wind''. After becoming a typhoon, Paka caused significant damage in the

Marshall Islands The Marshall Islands ( mh, Ṃajeḷ), officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands ( mh, Aolepān Aorōkin Ṃajeḷ),'' () is an independent island country and microstate near the Equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the Intern ...

Guam Guam (; ch, Guåhan ) is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. It is the westernmost point and territory of the United States (reckoned from the geographic cent ...

, and the

Northern Mariana Islands The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI; ch, Sankattan Siha Na Islas Mariånas; cal, Commonwealth Téél Falúw kka Efáng llól Marianas), is an unincorporated territory and commonw ...

. Overall, Paka caused $580 million (1997 USD) in damage, enough to warrant

retirement Retirement is the withdrawal from one's position or occupation or from one's active working life. A person may also semi-retire by reducing work hours or workload. Many people choose to retire when they are elderly or incapable of doing their j ...

of the name. None of these impacting systems made

. In the official east Pacific hurricane database, which dates back to 1949, the first storm to occur outside of the current season was Hurricane Nina in 1957. In the database, thirteen tropical cyclones have existed between December and May, most recently,

Hurricane Pali Hurricane Pali was the earliest-forming Pacific hurricane on record, and the first Pacific hurricane to occur in January since Hurricane Ekeka in 1992. The first tropical cyclone of the 2016 Pacific hurricane season, Pali originated as an ar ...

in 2016. Tropical Storm Winona in January 1989 was not listed in the database, despite forming south of Hawaii. In addition, there were at least eight tropical cyclones before the start of the official database, many of which existed near Hawaii. Storms were most likely to occur in December, followed by January and May. Only one cyclone each was reported in the two months of March and April. Of all off-season tropical cyclones, the "Froc Cyclone" lasted longest, spanning 12 days and two calendar years. The year with the most off-season storms was tied between

1904 Events January * January 7 – The distress signal ''CQD'' is established, only to be replaced 2 years later by ''SOS''. * January 8 – The Blackstone Library is dedicated, marking the beginning of the Chicago Public Library syst ...

and 1992, with a total of two tropical cyclones. No Pacific hurricane season had both a pre-season and post-season storm.

Monthly statistics

DateFormat=yyyy ImageSize= width:350 height:auto barincrement:39 Period = from:0 till:15 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal PlotArea = right:15 left:5 bottom:50 top:5 Colors= id:cat5red value:rgb(1,0.2,0.2) id:minorline value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0.9) id:line value:rgb(0.5,0.5,0.5) PlotData= width:15 textcolor:black shift:(5,-5) anchor:from fontsize:M bar:Jan from:0 till:4 color:cat5red text:"January" bar:Feb from:0 till:1 color:cat5red text:"February" bar:Mar from:0 till:1 color:cat5red text:"March" bar:Apr from:0 till:2 color:cat5red text:"April" bar:May from:0 till:6 color:cat5red text:"May" bar:Dec from:0 till:11 color:cat5red text:"December" ScaleMajor = gridcolor:line unit:year increment:1 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:minorline unit:year increment:1 start:0 TextData = fontsize:M textcolor:black pos:(100,25) # tabs:(100-left) text:"Number of recorded storms"

References

Notes

{{Reflist, group="nb" Off-season

Off-season In an organized sports league, a typical season is the portion of one year in which regulated games of the sport are in session: for example, in Major League Baseball the season lasts approximately from the last week of March to the last week of Se ...

Chronology

Impact and records

Monthly statistics

See also

References

Notes